Using DNA to Grow Your Family Tree

In recent years the field of genealogy has undergone a remarkable transformation, thanks to the incredible advancements in DNA testing. Today, we'll explore how using DNA can help you grow your family tree in ways that were once unimaginable. Many of us have hit a stage where tracing back a particular lineage appears insurmountable, namely the genealogical brick wall. That's where DNA testing can come into play.

The Power of Genetic Genealogy

Genetic genealogy, the combination of genetics and traditional genealogy, has opened up a whole new world of possibilities for family historians. Here's how it works:
DNA Testing: You may have already have already heard of at-home DNA testing kits, offered by companies such as AncestryDNA; you simply provide a saliva sample and the company's laboratory analyzes your DNA. You normally get results within 6-8 weeks.
DNA Matching: One of the most exciting aspects of DNA testing is the opportunity to connect with distant relatives you might never have found through traditional research. These companies have extensive databases of DNA profiles (AncestryDNA currently has a database of over 23 million people). Relationship predictions are based on the amount of shared DNA, which is measured in centimorgans (cM), a unit of genetic distance. Top matches are generally those sharing 30 cM or more. Many of your possible matches will be more distant relations, e.g. 2nd cousins, with whom you share great-grandparents. Your raw DNA data can often be uploaded to other databases so you can increase your chances. For example, results from AncestryDNA, can currently be uploaded to MyHeritageDNA, FamilyTreeDNA and LivingDNA.    

Grow Your Tree: Once you find a genetic match, you can collaborate on building your family tree. Sharing research and information with newfound relatives can help you fill in gaps and extend your tree further back in time. Currently the websites Ancestry, MyHeritage and Geneanet allow you to link your DNA results to your online tree.
Surname DNA Projects: Many testing companies offer surname projects, where individuals with the same surname can collaborate on research. This can help you identify common ancestors and connect with distant relatives who may hold the missing pieces of your family puzzle.  This requires Y-DNA (Y Chromosome DNA) testing, for deep tracing of the direct paternal line - only males can take this test. The testing company FamilyTreeDNA currently has a database of over 800,00 Y-DNA test results.
Ethnic Insights: DNA testing can provide valuable information about your genetic ethnicity. This knowledge can guide your research by giving you clues about where your ancestors may have lived, which historical records to explore, and which languages to consider. Remember ethnicity breakdowns are estimates. Whilst pretty accurate on a continental level, this accuracy drops off as it gets more area specific.    

Ethical Considerations

As exciting as DNA testing for genealogy is, it comes with some ethical considerations:

Privacy: Understand the privacy policies of the DNA testing company you choose. Be aware that your DNA data can potentially be used for other purposes, such as medical research.
For example, FamilyTreeDNA and GEDMatch allow users to opt in to help the police. 
Consent: If you're planning to test the DNA of living relatives, obtain their informed consent. Make them fully aware of the potential implications, including the discovery of unexpected family secrets. Once discovered it can't be undiscovered.
Sensitivity: Be prepared for unexpected results, such as discovering non-paternity events or adoption. Approach these discoveries with sensitivity and understanding.

Conclusion